Comfort of our life depends on electricity. In every house or apartment, several items of household electrical equipment must be involved at once to provide lighting, hot water, heating, cooking, air conditioning and ventilation. Proper wiring is essential for the reliable operation of electrical appliances. Each owner has the right to determine whether appliances are installed in a compartment of the dwelling, or in the external walls, behind walls, or underneath houses and behind walls in all kinds of building types. If the dwelling was built according to standard codes, a set of drawings is provided in the building file.
Renovation electrical wiring
Work on the installation of electrical wiring in a house should always begin the same way – with the drawing of the wiring plan. In certain cases, there may be changes in the layout or location of the electrical panel and other electrical equipment. In these cases, electrical work requires precise layouts to achieve proper wiring connections.
The electrical wiring layout should show the following elements in as much detail as possible:
Outlets
They can be located in any convenient place, but not less than 15-20 cm from door and window openings, as well as indented from the heat and gas pipes – 40 cm. The combination of openings in the panel and building materials makes it impossible to cover every opening with an electrical outlet, for instance, if there are four openings in a small area. In such a case, it is sufficient to provide four electrical outlets.
Lighting
Standard layouts are designed for one large lamp in the center of the ceiling. The wires used in a specific placement are interconnected through an overhead relay or a battery, depending on whether the plug is grounded or power-coupled. The plugs and lamps require powerful and direct lighting.
Switches.
Usually they are mounted on the right side of the doorway and at a distance of 60 or 150 cm from the floor.
Ways of laying cables
Indicating them on your drawing, remember that the wiring must go strictly vertically or horizontally. In general, cables can be laid on the ceiling in one single connection. But if you have several ways of laying the wiring, it is necessary to lay the insulation materials behind the insulating materials in order to prevent the spread of electric currents.
Distribution box
Usually the power cabinets are installed outside the house in the common hallway. However some layouts are designed for internal placement of the switchboard, in this case the task is a bit easier. The distribution box must be close to the service entrance in order to avoid a problem in case of a short circuit.
Electric wiring Requirements
When drawing up a diagram, remember about some important requirements for the location of electrical wiring in residential areas.
Do not connect the grounding contacts of outlets to neutral wires, as well as to the water supply or heating system. This is dangerous to human life. There is a protective ground wire for this purpose. Also, do not connect electricity from the electricity box to the exterior walls. Otherwise, electric distribution boxes will not be able to supply electricity.
Conclusion
Installation of electrical wiring is responsible work, which may affect the further functioning of your house or apartment of its safety and security of people who will live in. Any negligence during installation can lead to unforeseen consequences, from the malfunction of the wiring and up to the fire. In order to avoid any errors, it is important to carefully evaluate your building plans and designs.
